Description

What is LL-37?

LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide. It has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against multiple human Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to serve as an alternative to antibiotics.

Antimicrobial peptides are a core component of the innate immunity of humans and mammals. They work by killing microbial pathogens and can regulate the invasion of bacteria and some viruses.

LL-37 belongs to the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. It is released when neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) are stimulated. LL-37 is expressed in various cells and tissues of the body, such as circulating neutrophils, bone marrow cells, epithelial cells of the skin, gastrointestinal tract cells, as well as in the epididymis and lungs.

The production of LL-37 in macrophages is stimulated by vitamin D released by sunlight through the skin. LL-37 plays a crucial role in the first line of defense against infection and systemic pathogen invasion at sites of inflammation and wounds.

Staphylococcus aureus (commonly referred to as staph) is one of the major problems modern medicine faces, particularly because it has become resistant to many antibiotics. Research with LL-37 shows that it is effective against staph at nanomolar concentrations. It kills the bacteria both when it invades cells and when it is free, and it is more effective than conventional antibiotics. These characteristics make LL-37 of particular interest to the medical field, and the peptide is expected to be useful in treating chronic infections such as diabetes or immune system dysfunctions. It also appears to be effective in treating Candida albicans and E. coli.

Moreover, several studies show that LL-37 is effective in treating certain types of cancer cells. LL-37 inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.

LL-37 and Tissue Healing

In addition to its anti-biofilm and antimicrobial capabilities, LL-37 plays an important role in regulating the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules.

The balance between inflammation and tissue healing is delicate. Inflammatory responses are absolutely necessary for the body to fight off invading pathogens. Unfortunately, these same inflammatory responses can prevent proper healing, promote scar tissue formation, and even lead to autoimmune diseases if left unchecked. LL-37 appears to play a role in balancing inflammation with healing, at least partially through its effects on macrophages.

Macrophages promote inflammation when foreign pathogens are detected. They do this by first identifying the pathogens and then sending signals to the body to direct the immune response. Once the immune system begins to overcome the pathogens, macrophages begin to produce a new set of signals that calm the inflammation so the body can move into the next phase of healing. The LL-37 peptide plays an important role in reversing macrophage activation.

LL-37’s ability to inhibit biofilm formation is another promising feature in treating chronically infected wounds caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Its anti-biofilm properties help expose and eliminate underlying bacteria. The peptide’s interaction with keratinocytes and fibroblasts also supports wound closure.

Benefits of LL-37

• Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi
• Helps promote wound healing
• May help control infections
• May balance tissue inflammation
• Inhibits biofilm formation

Product Presentation

Science.bio brand LL-37 vial (6mg)

Usual Dosage

100 mcg per application, 1 or 2 times daily, administered subcutaneously

Duration: 4 to 8 weeks